Cica + Niacinamide Toner with Green Tea

Niacinamide — Vitamin B3 — a broadly-tolerated all-rounder that strengthens the skin barrier, evens tone and helps regulate oil. The strength is not printed, so we cannot judge the dose; that counts against the brand. Works from ~5%. OTC cap 10%. Give it 8–12 weeks for tone. Suits all skin types. One of the best-tolerated actives there is — fine for every skin type, and especially handy for oil and uneven tone.

Glycolic Acid — The smallest alpha-hydroxy acid — it resurfaces the top layer for glow and even tone, working on the surface where BHA works in the pore. The strength is not printed, so we cannot judge the dose; that counts against the brand. Works from ~8%. OTC cap 10%. Give it 4–8 weeks for tone & texture. Best for Oily, Combination, Normal. A surface exfoliant for glow and texture. It raises sun sensitivity and can irritate dry or reactive skin — daily SPF is non-negotiable.

Lactic Acid — An alpha-hydroxy acid with a larger molecule than glycolic — it exfoliates the surface more gently and doubles as a humectant, so it suits AHA beginners and drier skin. The strength is not printed, so we cannot judge the dose; that counts against the brand. Works from ~8%. OTC cap 10%. Best for Dry, Normal, Combination. The gentler AHA — it exfoliates while pulling in water, so dry skin tolerates it better than glycolic. Reactive skin should still ease in, with SPF daily.

Niacinamide: a review on dermal delivery strategies and clinical evidence ›

Niacinamide - mechanisms of action and its topical use in dermatology ›

Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation ›