Cica & Hya-Betaine Vegan Mucin Face Essence

Niacinamide — Vitamin B3 — a broadly-tolerated all-rounder that strengthens the skin barrier, evens tone and helps regulate oil. The strength is not printed, so we cannot judge the dose; that counts against the brand. Works from ~5%. OTC cap 10%. Give it 8–12 weeks for tone. Suits all skin types. One of the best-tolerated actives there is — fine for every skin type, and especially handy for oil and uneven tone.

Sodium Hyaluronate — A humectant that holds water in the upper skin — pure hydration, tolerated by essentially everyone, at any concentration. The strength is not printed, so we cannot judge the dose; that counts against the brand. Works from ~1%. Works Ongoing while you use it; no weeks-long build-up to wait for. Suits all skin types. Pure hydration — suits everyone, and dry or dehydrated skin most of all. Apply on damp skin and seal it in.

Glycolic Acid — The smallest alpha-hydroxy acid — it resurfaces the top layer for glow and even tone, working on the surface where BHA works in the pore. The strength is not printed, so we cannot judge the dose; that counts against the brand. Works from ~8%. OTC cap 10%. Give it 4–8 weeks for tone & texture. Best for Oily, Combination, Normal. A surface exfoliant for glow and texture. It raises sun sensitivity and can irritate dry or reactive skin — daily SPF is non-negotiable.

Panthenol — Pro-vitamin B5: hydrates, calms, helps the barrier recover. The strength is not printed, so we cannot judge the dose; that counts against the brand. Works from ~5%. OTC cap 5%. Best for .

Betaine — A sugar-beet humectant — steady, gentle hydration for any skin. The strength is not printed, so we cannot judge the dose; that counts against the brand. Works from ~5%. OTC cap 5%. Best for .

Niacinamide: a review on dermal delivery strategies and clinical evidence ›

Niacinamide - mechanisms of action and its topical use in dermatology ›

Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation ›